Windows 7 Service Pack 1 (SP1)- released february 22 - 2011

Microsoft has been released, windows 7 service pack1. it have security and stability updates.

Download link  : - SP1

What is Virtual memory – explained

Disk storage used to expand the capacity of RAM

When RAM is exceeded, virtual memory is treated as if it were RAM

Uses paging technique

  Pages are blocks of information moved from RAM into virtual memory

On a Pentium computer, blocks are 4 KB

 Pages are moved back into RAM when needed
A paging file is the area of disk allocated for virtual memory

   Initial and maximum size of the paging file
                      Set initial size to at least 1.5 times RAM
           Set maximum size to twice the initial size

                       Do not place the paging file on the boot partition

            Place a paging file on each disk (except the boot partition)

            Place paging file on main disk for a mirrored set or volume

            Do not place a paging file on a stripe set or volume, or RAID-5 volume

DIfference Between Peer to Peer and Server based networking

Peer-to-peer networking

•          Designed for ten or less workstations

•          Only moderate network security

–        Users manage their own account information.

•          No centralized storage of information

•          No centralized administration control

–        Lack of management for users and critical files

–        Inability to centrally back up important files

•          Slower response times when sharing resources

Server-based Networking

•          Users log in once to access resources.

•          Stronger security because of server management

•          Shared files by members

•          Shared printers and other resources

•          E-mail capability through an email server

•          Applications stored in a central location

•          Backups scheduled and performed from a central location

•          Shared resources can reflect the work patterns of subgroups.

•          More efficient software upgrades 

Backup types and how to take backup

1) Normal Backup:

- Backup all files and folder after backup it rename ARCHIVE Bit

2) Daily Backup:

- Backup all selected files and folders which created or modified on daily raises. After backup it does not remove ARCHIVE Bit.

3) Copy Backup:

- Backups all selected files and folders after backup it will not remove ARCHIVE Bit.

4) Incremental Backup:

 - Backup all selected file and folders which are created or modified after last backup. After backup it does not remove ARCHIVE Bit.

Normal Backup:

-         we take normal backup the first time only because the normal backup take all file or folder to backup>

How to Take Backup:

1-     Start – Program – Accessories – System Tools – Backup.

2-     Select backup wizard then next.

3-     Select Backup select files, drive, or network data (if you want to take backup for files data drive) click next. Backup media of file name d:\backup.bkf. next finish.

Incremental Backup:

-         After take normal backup after that time we can take incremental backup because the incremental backup it will take only which file or folder you are created or modify.

How to take incremental Backup?

-        Start – run ntbackup, you will get wizard, click next

-        Backup wizard advanced, next, select your folder you want take backup, next, Browse, Completing the Backup Wizard, Advanced, Finish, Click Advanced, Type of Backup, Select Incremental, Next, Append this backup to the existing, Later, any name can give, OK.